Chapter 4
DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR
Karnataka
Class 10 English Solutions Prose Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) Sri R. Venkataraman wrote the book _____.
a. Mooknayak b.
Samata
c. Dr.B.R. Ambedkar d.
Mahatma
Ans:
c. Dr.B.R. Ambedkar
2) Dr. Ambedkar was conferred _____ posthumously.
a. Padma Vibhushan b.
Bharath Ratna
c. Doctorate d.
Padma Bhushan
Ans:
b. Bharath Ratna
3) Ambedkar was a ______ reader.
a. voracious b.
silent
c. fast d.
talented
Ans:
a. voracious
4) Ambedkar has an ______ thirst for books
a. ardent b.
ideal
c. imaginary d.
insatiable
Ans:
d. insatiable
5) In New York, he purchased about _______ books.
a. science b.
2000 old
c. political d.
new
Ans:
b. 2000 old
6) He bought ______ of books from London.
a. 10 boxes b.
15 boxes
c. 32 boxes d.
30 boxes
Ans:
c. 32 boxes
7) Fourteenth Amendment of the constitution of the USA
gave freedom to the _____.
a. Americans b.
Indians
c. Negros d.
Black American
Ans:
d. Black American
8) Ambedkar was greatly influenced by the life and work
of ______
a. Mahatma b.
Mahatma Phule
c. Gandhiji d.
Venkataraman
Ans:
b. Mahatma Phule
9) Ambedkar started the newspapers such as Mooknayak,
Bahishkrit Bhairs it and _____
a. Saitnata b.
Times of India
c. Popular d.
Herald
Ans:
a. Saitnata
10) Ambedkar set up the institution such as _____
a. Depressed home b.
Hitaka Rini sabha
c. Laboui home d.
Bahislil dit Bharat
Ans:
b. Hitaka Rini sabha
11) Babasallneb was elected To Bombay Legislative
Assembly murder the constitution of India Act ____
a. 1919 b.
1927
c. 1929 d.
1935
Ans:
d. 1935
12) Gandhiji called Depressed classes as _____
a. Superior b.
inferior
c. Harijans d.
Hindus
Ans:
c. Harijans
13) Indian National Congress and Ambedkar as the ____ of
the Drafting Committee.
a. officer b.
chairman
c. pilot d.
Adviser
Ans:
b. chairman
14) The constitution is _____ document.
a. new b.
written
c. fundamental d.
descriptive
Ans:
c. fundamental
15) ______ chose Dr. Ambedkar to be the first law
minister.
a. R. Venkataraman b.
President
c. Prime minister d.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Ans:
d. Jawaharlal Nehru
16) After becoming Law Minister and Lawmaker he was called
as _____
a. Pioneer b.
Padma Bhushan
c. Modem Manu d.
Doctor.
Ans:
d. Doctor.
17) Ambedkar describe d the civil disobedience,
non-cooperation and Satyagraha as the _____
a. grammar of anarchy b.
rebellion
c. revolution d.
opposition
Ans:
a. grammar of anarchy
18) British followed the policy of ____
a. Caste-system b.
Social injustice
c. Divide and Ruled d.
Veritable revolution
Ans:
c. Divide and Ruled
19) Babasaheb passed away in December _____.
a. 1958 b.
1956
c. 1948 d. 1950
Ans:
b. 1956
20) Jawaharlal Nehru described Babasaheb as ____
a. Modern manu b.
Leader of Depressed class
c. a Symbol of revolt d.
Patriot
Ans:
c. a Symbol of revolt
21) Ambedkar spent most of his life by _____
a) purchasing books b)
attending conferences
c) reading books d)
importing books
Ans:c)
reading books
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1) Pick out the word in the first paragraph which means
‘a quality that makes a person or a thing different from another.’
Ans:
Trait
2) How did the fourteenth amendment of the American
Constitution benefit the Black Americans?
Ans:
The fourteenth amendment of the American constitution gave freedom to the Black
Americans.
3) What did Mahatma Phule work for?
Ans:
Mahatma Phule was a devotee and worked for classless society and women’s
upliftment.
4) Mookanayak, Bahishkrit Bharat and Samata were _______
a) Voice mails b)
Newspapers c) Political
parties
Ans: b) Newspaper.
5) Gandhiji termed the depressed classes as _______
Ans:
Harijan
6) Draft is a banking
term. How is the word used in the context of this lesson?
Ans:
Here the word ‘Draft’ is used as the meaning of make, write, Drafting committee
means a committee set up to draft (write) the constitution of India.
7) Dr. Ambedkar was not
in the Congress party. Yet he was made the chairman of the drafting committee.
Why?
Ans: He was appointed as the chairman of the drafting committee due to his
unwavering belief in the dignity of leadership within the Indian National
Congress and his exceptional ability to carry out the responsibilities of the
role.
8) He raised it
‘brick by brick’. In this context, what was raised?
Ans:
In this
context, he meticulously built upon the examples and experiences of other
nations, while addressing the unique needs of our society, resulting in what
now stands as the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India.
9) Who were the other
notable members of the drafting committee?
Ans:
The other notable members of the drafting committee were Alladi Krishnaswami Iyyar,
K.M. Munshi and. Gopalaswami Ayyangar etc…
10) Ambedkar had ‘rare
gifts’ What were they? Can you think of your own ‘gifts’? Share them with your
class.
Ans: Ambedkar had rare gifts like unraveling the most
complicated legal concepts. And also he had tactfulness, frankness, and
patience.
11) The constitution
is a fundamental document to both the ruler and the ruled. How?
Ans: The constitution is a fundamental document to both the ruler and the ruled as it outlines the powers of the three branches of government and delineates the legislature's authority in relation to the citizens. It also addresses fundamental rights.
12) Nehru chose
Ambedkar as a law minister for three reasons. What are they? (Paragraph 7)
Ans: The three
reasons are
1. He had skills in the field of law and legislation.
2. His vision of Social justice
3. His own campaigns against social injustice.
13) Are you aware of
the facilities provided by the Social Welfare Department? Mention any two.
Ans: Yes. As the name implies, the Social Welfare Department
is dedicated to promoting social welfare and justice. It works to ensure the
well-being of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, persons with disabilities,
and other marginalized groups in society. Among the numerous welfare
initiatives offered by the Department are the National Overseas Scholarship for
SCs/STs and the Free Coaching Scheme for SC and OBC students.
14) After
independence, members of the Scheduled Castes have found doors opened to them.
How?
Ans: Since Independence, opportunities have become accessible to members of
the Scheduled Castes. There are no legal barriers to their self-expression or
advancement. They can now enroll in institutions of higher learning and public
services, holding high offices at both state and central levels. They also
compete for roles such as judges, ambassadors, and governors, and have
consistently proven their competence in these positions of responsibility.
15) All people should
be given equal opportunities to prove themselves. How are the members of the
Scheduled Castes proving themselves?
Ans: Everyone, including members of the Scheduled Castes, should be granted equal opportunities to demonstrate their abilities. There are no legal barriers to self-expression or advancement. They have the right to enroll in institutions of higher learning and public services, where they can prove their worth by participating and excelling in positions of responsibility.
16) Babasaheb
Ambedkar considers public agitation in free India as unconstitutional. Why?
Ans: Ambedkar views public agitation in a free India as unconstitutional, arguing that the right to rebellion is valid only against a government that lacks the consent of the people, such as in a dictatorship. Such agitations often lead to the loss of lives and damage to public property.
17) What were the
opinions of the Buddha and Avvai regarding the caste divisions?
Ans:
The opinions of Buddha regarding the last divisions are
1. The noble and wholesome people and
2. The ignoble and unwholesome people.
The Tamil Poetess
Awai said that
1. The charitable who give and are superior
2. The misers who do not give and are inferior.
18) Caste system in
India is in a strong position because of _____ [fill in the blank picking the
answer from paragraph 11]
Ans: Power structure.
19) Why did the British magnify the caste distinctions?
Ans:
The British rulers magnify or exaggerated the caste distinctions to strengthen
their control over us. So they started the policy of “Divide and Rule”.
20) The word ‘hegemony’ means ______
a) distinction b)
control c) strength
Ans:
b) Control
21) ‘they brought about a veritable
revolution in social thought.’
a) who are ‘they’?
b) What ‘revolution’ is referred to here?
c) How did they bring about the revolution?
Ans:
a) They were Mahatma Gandhiji and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
b) The revolution referred here is repudiated (means deny) the caste system and
to proclaim the oneness of the Hindu community.
c) Gandhiji
sparked a revolution by reminding the higher castes of their duty toward the
oppressed, while Babasaheb achieved a similar impact by reminding the depressed
classes of their inherent right to equality with the higher and more powerful
castes.
22) Why did Nehru
describe Dr. Ambedkar as ‘a symbol of revolt’?
Ans: Nehru
referred to Ambedkar as 'a symbol of revolt' because of his courage and
determination to awaken the depressed classes who had long suffered in the
past. Ambedkar's efforts also served as a reminder to the higher classes that
simply amending the Constitution would not be enough to address the challenges
faced by the oppressed, preventing any sense of complacency.
THINK ABOUT THE TEXT
Answer the following questions in a word or a sentence
each:
1) Which was the one
trait that marked Dr. Ambedkar not only during his student days but also
throughout his life?
Ans: The trait of reading voraciously was the one trait
that marked Dr. Ambedkar not only during his student days but also throughout
his life.
2) What was the
amendment to the U.S. Constitution that influenced Ambedkar?
Ans:
The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the USA, giving freedom to the
Black Americans, influenced Ambedkar.
3) What did Mahatma Phule advocate?
Ans:
Mahatma Phule advocated a classless society and women’s uplift.
4) Which were the institutions set up by Ambedkar?
Ans:
Hitakarini Sabha and the Independent Labour Party of India were the
institutions set up by Ambedkar.
5) Who was appointed
as the chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?
Ans: Ambedkar was appointed as the chairman of the
Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly.
6) Who was the Constitutional Adviser to the Constituent
Assembly?
Ans:
B.N. Rau was the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly.
7) Who is hailed as the modern Manu?
Ans:
Ambedkar is hailed as the modern Manu.
8) What is the
consequence of the right to rebellion against a government in a democracy?
Ans:
The consequence of the right to rebellion against a government in a democracy
is the loss of lives and public property.
9) Under which policy
did the British rulers try to divide the people on the basis of caste?
Ans: Under the ‘Divide and Rule’ policy, the British
rulers tried to divide the people on the basis of caste.
10) In which year did Ambedkar pass away?
Ans:
Ambedkar passed away in 1956.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN 2-3 SENTENCES EACH:
1) What progress has
been made in providing equality of opportunities to the scheduled castes?
Ans: In independent India, numerous efforts have been made to provide equal
opportunities to the Scheduled Castes. They are no longer restricted by legal
barriers to self-expression or self-advancement. Special schemes have been
implemented to facilitate their education, enabling them to attain high offices
both at the Central and State levels.
2) What was the
difference in the methods of Ambedkar and Gandhiji in repudiating caste and proclaiming the oneness of the Hindu community?
Ans: Gandhiji
and Ambedkar had different agendas, but their efforts complemented each other. Gandhiji
appealed to the privileged sections of society to fulfill their duty toward the
depressed classes, while Ambedkar motivated the underprivileged to assert their
rights. Together, their actions contributed to a revolutionary change in
society.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN 6-8 SENTENCES EACH:
1) What progress has
been achieved in the upliftment of the scheduled castes since independence?
Ans: Since independence, significant progress has been made in offering
equal opportunities to the Scheduled Castes. Doors that had been shut for
centuries are now opening for them. There are no legal barriers to
self-expression or advancement. Members of the Scheduled Castes are enrolling
in higher education institutions and entering public services. They have risen
to hold high offices at both the Central and State levels, with individuals
from their ranks serving as judges, ambassadors, and governors.
2) How did Gandhiji
and Ambedkar bring about a revolution in social thought?
Ans:
Mahatma Gandhi
and Dr. Ambedkar both rejected the caste system and advocated for the unity of
the Hindu community. Gandhi emphasized the responsibilities of the higher
castes towards the depressed classes, while Dr. Ambedkar focused on the
inherent rights of the lower castes to equality with the higher and more
powerful castes. Gandhi highlighted duties, and Dr. Ambedkar emphasized rights.
Together, their efforts sparked a profound revolution in social thought.
3) How has the
Constitution helped the depressed classes in India?
Ans:
Ambedkar was
influenced by the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and by Mahatma
Phule, and he aimed to uplift the Depressed Classes in India through
constitutional rights. The Indian Constitution provides equal opportunities for
all, which is why doors that had been closed to the Scheduled Castes for
centuries are now opening. It ensures freedom for everyone regarding
self-expression and self-advancement.
4) What
are the significant observations of Ambedkar on the Constitution?
Ans:
As a visionary,
Ambedkar had a clear understanding of the role of a country's Constitution. He
recognized it as a fundamental document that delineates the extent of power
held by the State through its three branches: the executive, the judiciary, and
the legislature. He understood that while citizens would be subject to the
authority of the executive and legislature, the State itself was also bound by
the Constitution to prevent misuse of its power over its citizens.
READ THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
GIVEN BELOW THEM:
1) “While in the U.S.A., he was drawn to the fourteenth
amendment to the Constitution”.
a) Who is the ‘he’ referred to?
Ans: a) Ambedkar.
b) Why was the Constitution amended?
Ans: b) The
Constitution was amended to give freedom to Black Americans.
c) Why was the person drawn towards it?
Ans: c) The person was drawn towards it because he saw a parallel situation
in India where the Depressed Classes had no equality.
2) One stressed the duties, the other stressed the
rights. Together they brought about a veritable revolution in social thought.
a) Who is the ‘one’ referred to here?
Ans:
a) Gandhiji.
b) Who is the ‘other’?
Ans:
b) Ambedkar.
c) What revolution did they bring about?
Ans:
c) They brought about a revolution in social thought which until then did not
consider the depressed class equal to the higher caste.
3) “His flair for legislative work became evident to the
whole nation
a) Whose flair became evident?
Ans: a) Dr.
Ambedkar’s.
b) When did it become evident?
Ans: b) When he
contributed to the debates in the Bombay Legislative Assembly.
c) Pick out the word from the given
statement which means ‘a natural ability to do something well
Ans: c) Flair.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS.
1) Ambedkar had a
great thirst for books when he was a student, explain.
Ans:
Ambedkar was an
insatiable reader, with a relentless thirst for books. Remarkably, he often
sacrificed other needs to acquire them. For instance, during his student days
in New York, he is said to have purchased 2,000 old books. Later, when
attending the Second Round Table Conference in London, he bought so many books
that they had to be shipped to India in 32 boxes. While others might have
focused on bringing home attractive foreign goods, Ambedkar’s sole interest was
in collecting books.
2) How did the
fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution and Mahatma Phule influence on
Ambedkar?
Ans: Instances of atrocities committed by the higher stratum of society against the lower stratum have been a disheartening reality in many countries. In America, blacks faced discrimination, while in India, people from the Scheduled Castes have suffered mistreatment from the upper castes. Ambedkar, who himself belonged to the oppressed class, was profoundly disturbed by the profound injustice of this situation. Naturally, Ambedkar was deeply influenced by the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted freedom to black Americans. This inspired him to envision similar freedoms for the victims of discrimination in India. Additionally, Mahatma Phule's efforts towards creating a classless society also impacted Ambedkar, motivating him to launch his crusade for the upliftment of the downtrodden.
3) There were great
luminaries on the Drafting Committee. Dr. Ambedkar is remembered as the pilot.
Give reasons.
Ans: As chairman of the Drafting Committee, Dr. Ambedkar drew upon examples
and experiences from other nations while carefully considering the needs of our
own society. He methodically laid out the points, with assistance from other
distinguished figures, but his own efforts were substantial. Ambedkar had the
rare talent of translating complex legal concepts into simple language that
could be understood by ordinary people, earning him the apt title of "Pilot."
4) Write a short note
on Dr. Ambedkar’s idea/perception of the three pillars of State.
Ans: Dr. Ambedkar had a clear understanding of the three pillars of the
state. He recognized the importance of clearly defining the jurisdiction of
each pillar without legal barriers. He appreciated the crucial role of citizens
and believed that the Constitution should outline the positions and powers of
the three branches of government: the executive, the judiciary, and the
legislature.
5) What are the
significant observations of Dr. Ambedkar on the constitution?
Ans:
Dr. Ambedkar
made significant observations about the Constitution. He viewed it as a
fundamental document that outlines the roles and powers of the three branches
of government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. Additionally,
it specifies the limits of these powers in relation to the citizens. The
primary purpose of the Constitution is not just to establish these branches,
but to restrict their authority to prevent tyranny and oppression.
6) Nehru chose Dr.
Ambedkar as the law minister. What might have prompted Nehru to do so?
Ans: Dr. Ambedkar possessed exceptional skills in law and legislation,
coupled with a visionary commitment to social justice. His success in combating
social injustice through his campaigns made him an ideal candidate for the
role. Consequently, Nehru appointed him as the first Law Minister of free
India.
7) What made Dr. Ambedkar describe the
methods of Civil disobedience, Non-cooperation and Satyagraha as the “Grammar
of anarchy”?
Ans: Civil
Disobedience, Non-Cooperation, and Satyagraha were not considered
constitutional methods. Instead, Ambedkar believed that public agitations
should seek social justice through constitutional means. He referred to these
agitations as the "Grammar of Anarchy," highlighting their divergence
from structured constitutional approaches.
8) How did Dr.
Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi try to wipe out caste discrimination from India?
Ans: The efforts of Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhi to eradicate caste
discrimination and create an egalitarian society can be seen as two sides of
the same coin. In a divided India suffering from the British 'Divide and Rule'
tactics, their approaches served as unifying forces. While Gandhi sought to
dismantle the caste system by urging the upper castes to fulfill their duties
toward the oppressed, Ambedkar encouraged the oppressed to assert their right
to equality. Together, these two great visionaries were pivotal in shaping
Modern India with a vision of equality and fraternity.
ENRICH YOUR VOCABULARY
Task 1: Read the
following paragraph and replace the underlined words appropriately with the
words given below in brackets.
Children have
special qualities. They can think and imagine in
creative ways and are able to understand new
things much better than their elders. But just by new ideas, nothing happens.
Their ideas must have inborn strengths
and stand the test of time. They should not become self-satisfied with their
first steps of success.
[complacent, conceive, trait, perceive, inherent]
Use the words given in brackets in sentences of your own.
Words for underlined
1. traits
2. conceive
3. perceive
4. inherent
5. complacent
Ans:
1.
Traits: The leadership traits of a successful manager often include
decisiveness, empathy, and strong communication skills.
2.
Conceive: She struggled to conceive a plan that would
address all the issues highlighted in the meeting.
3.
Perceive: How you perceive the challenges in your job can
significantly affect your approach to overcoming them.
4.
Inherent: The inherent qualities of resilience and
adaptability were evident in her response to the unexpected changes.
5.
Complacent: After achieving their initial goals, the team
became complacent and stopped seeking ways to improve their performance.
Task 1: Answer these questions orally:
1) What information
is Shreya giving her father?
Ans:
Shreya was giving the information that she wants to give a speech on Republic
Day.
2) Is her father
encouraging or discouraging her?
Ans:
Yes, Her father was encouraging her.
3) What does the
father tell her about what at Constitution is?
Ans:
Her father told her that the constitution is a set of rules and regulations for
all people living in India.
4) Should everybody
obey the Constitution? How do you know?
Ans:
Her father told her that the constitution is a set of rules and regulations for
all people living in India.
SPEAK WELL
EXPRESSING GRATITUDE
(A boy goes to a book shop to buy a book on folktales.
The dialogue is given below)
Bookseller: Good
afternoon, gentleman. What can I do for you?
Sherriff: Good afternoon, I’d like to buy some books on national leaders.
Book Seller: On national leaders? Sure, sir. If you don’t mind, please have a
look at the fourth alumni ah on your right.
Sherriff: (after going through some titles) Could you take them to put, please?
Book Seller: Of course (he takes them out and hands them over to sheriff)
Sherriff: Thank you. Ah! I need these three books. Will you please gift-wrap
them?
Bookseller: With pleasure, (he does so)
Sherriff: How much should I pay?
Book Seller: We allow a 10% rebate.
Sherriff: That’s very nice of you. So, I have to pay ‘240.
Book Seller: Yes. We also give you a diary as a free gift.
Sherriff: Thank you very much, (he pays the money)
Bookseller: You’re welcome, (hands over the books and the gift)
These are the terms used to express gratitude.
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LEARN GRAMMAR THROUGH COMMUNICATION
Task -1: Here are
some sentences. Combine them using linkers given in brackets. One is done for
you. e.g. It rained heavily. We reached home in time, (though) Though it rained
heavily, we reached home in time.
1) There is a shortage of water. Some people are wasting
it unthinkingly. (although)
Ans:
Although there is a shortage of water, some people are wasting it unthinkingly.
2) There was heavy traffic. We were delayed, (since).
Ans:
Since there was heavy traffic, we were delayed.
3) The students played for an hour. They attended to
their studies later on. (and then)
Ans:
The students played for an hour and then they attended to their studies later
on.
4) We expected a difficult question paper. The questions
asked in the examination were easy. (but)
Ans:
We expected a difficult question paper but the questions asked in the
examination were easy.
5) The flight was delayed. The weather was cloudy, (as)
Ans:
The flight was delayed as the weather was cloudy.
6) The student scored less marks. He did not study
properly, (because)
Ans:
The student scored less marks because he did not study properly.
Task – 1: Refer to a dictionary and split the following
words into their syllables.
1. probability → pro – ba – bi – li – ty
2. determination → de – ter – mi – na – tion
3. accept → ac – cept
4. canteen → can – teen
5. again → a – gain
6. conscience → con – science
7. idea → i – de – a
8. reflection → re – flee – tion
GIVE ONE-WORD OF PHRASE FOR THE FOLLOWING:
1) Very eager for knowledge.
Ans:
Voracious
2) that which cannot be satisfied.
Ans:
insatiable
3) be transferred or passed to somebody.
Ans:
devolve
4) never giving up.
Ans:
indefatigable
5) ability to see, hear, understand.
Ans:
perception
6) not hampered legal bars.
Ans:
untrammeled
7) deeply rooted.
Ans:
entrenched
8) control by one country or organization.
Ans:
hegemony
9) Advantageous position.
Ans:
vantage point
10) liable to change rapidly
Ans:
volatile
11) Good for one’s health or well being.
Ans:
wholesome
12) Calmly satisfied with oneself.
Ans:
complacent
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