FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH - KSEEB - CLASS 10 - COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - WHAT IS MORAL ACTION?

 

Unit – 05

WHAT IS MORAL ACTION?

M.K. Gandhi

Comprehension Questions

I. Answer the following questions briefly:

1) In paragraph one, Gandhiji says that our conventional behaviour is:

a)  Immoral                             b)  moral                       c)  neither moral nor immoral

d)  necessary                  e)  unnecessary

Ans : c) neither moral nor immoral.

 

2) What is a non-moral action?

Ans: Action which doesn't really include ethical quality yet is conceived of winning shows.

 

3) What is the difference between a mechanical act and an intentional act?

Ans: On the off chance that the action is done precisely and doesn't spring from our own will, there is no ethical substance in the demonstration. It is a mechanical demonstration. Such activity would be good on the off chance that we think it legitimate to act like a machine and do as such since in doing as such, we utilize our segregation.

 

4) Give an example each for conventional behaviour and a moral act.

Ans: Greeting everybody in the morning is conventional behaviour. It turns into an ethical demonstration when it is finished with the aim of lighting up the lives of those individuals.

 

5) The first Paragraph discusses what is not a moral action. The second paragraph gives one important criterion to decide what constitutes a moral action. What is that criterion?

Ans: A moral act must spring from our own will, from the utilization of our separation. This is the criterion.

 

6) When can the messenger’s act become a moral action?

 Ans: At the point when the messenger, rather than precisely conveying the request, does it since it is his obligation to do as such, it turns into a moral action.

 

7) When, according to Gandhi, can we regard ourselves to have stepped on to the moral road?

Ans: When we as a whole consideration just for what our heart says, at that point alone would we be able to be respected to have ventured onto the moral raod.

 

8) What is the belief that Gandhi talks of in paragraph 2?

Ans: Gandhiji says that we can't be genuinely good in the event that we don't accept and encounter the conviction that God inside us, the Divine force of all, is the ever-present observer to every one of our demonstrations.

 

9) All good actions need not be moral acts. When does good action become a moral act? (paragraph 3). Give an example

Ans: Taking care of needy individuals is a case of a decent activity. It is a good action becomes a moral act when the individual, out of pity for poor people, takes care of them.

 

10) In the example of feeding the poor, whose action is moral action?

Ans: At the point when a man, out of pity for poor people, takes care of them, it is a moral action. At the point when he does likewise act with the thought process of earning prestige, the activity is not moral at this point.

 

11) The result of our action determines whether our action is moral or non-moral (say whether the statement is True or False)

Ans: False

 

12) Why does Gandhi say that Alexander’s conquests cannot be called moral actions?

Ans: Alexander’s conquests cannot be called moral actions because the intention behind all of them was only power and renowned.

 

13) In each paragraph, Gandhiji adds one criterion to consider an action moral. What criterion is added in paragraph 4?

Ans: Gandhiji says that an action is moral if it is done voluntarily and without compulsion or fear.

 

14) When does simple living become moral?

Ans: Simple living becomes moral when the individual, albeit well off, thinks about all them need and wretchedness on the planet about him and feels that he should live a plain, basic life and not one of straightforwardness and extravagance.

 

15) When does an employee’s action of paying higher salaries to his employees remain non-moral?

Ans: When the employer sympathizes with his employees or pays them higher wages lest they leave him, his action remains non-moral.

 

16) When Gandhiji quotes Shakespeare (in paragraph 5), what argument does he want to strengthen?

Ans: At the point when he cites Shakespeare, Gandhiji needs to stress the point that any activity, even one of demonstrating love, finished with a benefit rationale, stops to be an ethical activity. Trustworthiness ought to be depended on, not on the grounds that it passes on the best strategy of all, but since it is the correct approach.

 

17) Gandhiji mentions the name of Henry Clay as an example of moral/ non-moral action. (Choose the right answer)

Ans: Non-moral action.

 

18) What qualities of David Webster does Gandhiji mention?

Ans: Great intellect and a wonderful sense of the heroic and the sublime were the qualities of David Webster which Gandhiji mentioned.

 

19) What is the single mean act of Webster mentioned in paragraph 6?

Ans: He once sold his intellectual’ integrity for a price is the single mean act of Webster mentioned in paragraph 6.

 

20) Why is it difficult to judge the morality of a man’s action?

Ans: It is difficult to judge the morality of a man’s action because we can't enter the profundities of his brain.

21) What arguments does Gandhiji give to justify that a moral act should be free from fear and compulsion?

Ans: He says that there is no morality in an individual's act on the off chance that he rises right on time out of the dread that, on the off chance that he is late for his office, he may lose his circumstance. So also, there is no morality in his carrying on with a basic and unassuming life in the event that he has not the way to live something else.

 

22) To sum up, an action becomes moral when an action: (Complete the following)

Ans: a)  springs from one’s will (paragraph 2)

b)  is done with the intention to do good (from paragraph 3)

c) is done without compulsion or fear (from paragraph 4)

d)  has no self-interest behind it (from paragraph 5)

e)  is not done with expectations of benefit in life after death (paragraph 6)

 

II. Close Study:

Read the following extracts carefully. Discuss in pairs and then write the answers to the questions given below them.

 1) The great Saint Theresa wished to have a touch in her right hand and a vessel of water in her left so that with the one she might burn the glories of heaven and with the other extinguish the fires of hell, and men might learn to serve God from love alone without fear of hell and without temptation of heavenly bliss.

 a)  Why did Saint Theresa hold a torch in her right hand?

Ans: Saint Theresa held a torch in her right hand because he had desired to burn the glories of heaven with the torch.

 

b)  What does “a vessel of water” signify?

Ans: “ a vessel of water” signified that Saint Theresa desired to extinguish the fires of hell with the vessel of water.

 

c)  What was her message to humanity?

Ans: Saint Theresa wanted people to learn to serve God from love along without fear of hell and without the temptation of heavenly bliss.

 

2) Wherever he went (in the course of his conquests), he took the Greek language and Greek culture, arts and manners, and today we enjoy the benefits of Greek civilization. It was all right that he was termed “great”, but moral he cannot be called.

 a)  Who does “he” refer to?

Ans: “he” refers the Greek Emperor, Alexander, the Great.

 

b) What is his contribution to mankind?

Ans: He took the Greek language and Greek culture, expressions and habits to various pieces of the world, subsequently empowering every one of them to appreciate the advantages of Greek human progress.

 

c)  Why doesn’t Gandhi consider him moral?

Ans: In spite of the fact that he went to various parts of the world, the goal behind Alexander's activity was just victory and eminence.

 

III. Paragraph Writing:

Discuss in pairs/groups of four each the answers to the following questions. Individually note down the important points for each question and then develop the points into a one-paragraph answer.

 1) Write on Mahatma Gandhi’s comments on action prompted by the motive of happiness in another world.

Ans: Gandhiji says that an action accomplished for contemplations of solace and individual satisfaction in a different universe is non-moral. That activity is good which is done uniquely for progressing nicely. St. Francis Xavier asked energetically that his brain may consistently stay unadulterated. For him, the dedication of God was not for getting a charge out of a higher seat in the afterlife. He supplicated in light of the fact that it was man's obligation to ask. St. Theresa wished to have a light in her correct hand and a vessel may consume the wonders of paradise and with the other quench the flames of heck, and men may figure out how to serve God from affection along unafraid of hellfire and without the allurement of grand ecstasy. Remarking upon incredible men who have relinquished their qualities for their aspirations, Gandhiji says that with one mean act, they have cleared out the entirety of their great deeds. This fair shows that it is so hard to pass judgment on the ethical quality of man's activity since we can't enter the profundities of his brain.

 

 

2) Why does Gandhi say that moral action should be done without compulsion?

Ans: Gandhiji says that a moral action ought to be liberated from dread and impulse. He says that there is no ethical quality at all in an individual's demonstration on the off chance that he rises ahead of schedule out of the dread that, on the off chance that he is late to his office, he may lose his circumstance. Additionally, there is no ethical quality in his carrying on with a basic and straightforward life on the off chance that he has not the way to live something else. Plain, basic living would be good if, however well off, the individual thinks about all they need and hopelessness on the planet about him and feels that he should live a plain, basic life and not one of east and extravagance. Moreover, it is just narrow minded and hot good, of a business to identify with his workers or pay them higher wages in case they leave him. It would be good if the business wished well of them and treated them sympathetically acknowledging how he owed his flourishing to them.

 

 

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