NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 10 - ENGLISH NOTES - NELSON MANDELA : LONG WALK TO FREEDOM - NELSON ROHLIHLAHLA MANDELA - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - CBSE
NELSON MANDELA
LONG WALK TO FREEDOM
NELSON ROHLIHLAHLA MANDELA
ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK
1) Where did the ceremonies take place? Can
you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone?
Ans: In an
amphitheatre which was formed by Union Buildings in Pretoria, the ceremonies
took place. Red Fort, Rashtrapati Bhavan, and the Supreme Court of India in New
Delhi are public buildings in India that are made of sandstone.
2) Can you say how 10th May is an
‘autumn day’ in South Africa?
Ans: Yes, 10th
May is an “autumn day” in South Africa. We can say that May falls in the autumn
season as South Africa lies in the Southern Hemisphere.
3) At the beginning of his speech, Mandela
mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is
the “glorious … human achievement” he speaks of at the end?
Ans: Mandela is
referring to the apartheid system that was customary in South Africa under the prior
leadership. People of colour were dealt with ridiculously and no person
deserves that. He refers to this win as “glorious human achievement”. He
remained against the unreasonable practices lastly won the democratic elections
to turn into the first President of South Africa.
4) What does Mandela thank the international
leaders for?
Ans: Mandela thanked the international leaders for union
and supporting them in their justice, human dignity and victory of freedom.
5) What ideals does he set out for the future
of South Africa?
Ans: Mandela sets
out ideals for a country which was free of discrimination, injustice, and
poverty. He wanted to set free the country of all the unfair practices.
ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK
1) What do the military generals do? How has
their attitude changed, and why?
Ans: Nelson Mandela received admiration and salute
from the military, as they guaranteed and promised their support and help to
the recently formed democratic government of South Africa. Their attitude has
changed on the grounds that prior they were under the rake of the white
supremacy. During that standard, they would have arrested Mandela as he was
viewed as a criminal. The military generals’ attitude completely changed with
the eradication of Apartheid and the formation of a democratic government.
2) Why were two national anthems sung?
Ans: The two
national anthems were sung to symbolize equality and respect for the entire
community irrespective of their colour.
3) How does Mandela describe the systems of
government in his country
(i) In the first decade, and
(ii) In the final decade, of the twentieth century?
Ans: (i) The
systems of government in his country in the first decade of the twentieth
century were white supremacy formed a system of racial supremacy and black
people life was hell due to harassment. It was mentioned as inhumane societies
of the world by Mandela.
(ii) The systems of government in his country in the final decade of the
twentieth century were the system of apartheid has been changed with the
eradication of Apartheid and the formation of a democratic government.
4) What does courage mean to Mandela?
Ans: A man who overcomes his fear to fight all the odds is “courage”
according to Mandela.
5) Which does he think is natural, to love or
to hate?
Ans: No one is born with hatred in his heart for another. Mandela thinks
that love comes more naturally to human beings as opposed to hate.
ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK
1) What “twin obligations” does Mandela
mention?
Ans: Mandela has mentioned that “Twin obligations” where one towards his
family and the other, and another towards his society.
2) What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy,
and as a student? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic
and honourable freedoms”?
Ans: As a
youngster, actually opportunity for Mandela was to have the option to remain
out at night, read whatever he wanted and go anyplace he picked. On growing up
as a man, he understood that these were transitory freedoms; he was searching
for on the grounds that their basic and honourable freedoms had been removed.
There was no freedom to have a peaceful marriage, family and life. Black
individuals were denied of their fundamental human rights.
3) Does Mandela think the oppressor is free?
Why/ Why not?
Ans: No, Mandela
thinks that the oppressor is not free and they were equal to a prisoner. As
soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he, himself gets robbed
of his humanity.
THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT
1) Why did such a large number of
international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph
of?
Ans: A large number
of international leaders attend the inauguration because to celebrate the
eradication of apartheid system and to support democratic government in South
Africa. It signified the triumph of right over wrong, courage over fear and
justice over prejudice.
2) What does Mandela mean when he says he is
“simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had gone before him?
Ans: Mandela needed
to thank the generation before him who had fought for equity. He accumulated
his boldness from these courageous legends and it is a direct result of that,
he fought bravely for what is right. Consequently, he alluded to himself as
"simply the sum of all those African patriots" that had gone before
him.
3) Would you agree that the “depths of
oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela illustrate this?
Can you add your own examples to this argument?
Ans: Yes, I agree
that “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”. Mandela represented
this thought by the case of every one of the individuals who had arisen as
extraordinary freedom fighters following quite a while of mistreatment and
ruthlessness. In spite of the fact that accidental, impact of this was men with
phenomenal boldness and strength. Probably the best model is of our own
country, where our people were exploited under British rule for so many years.
Because of abuse of such extent, India got so many freedom fighters.
4) How
did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience?
Ans: As a youngster, actually opportunity for
Mandela was to have the option to remain out at night, read whatever he wanted
and go anyplace he picked. On growing up as a man, he understood that these
were transitory freedoms; he was searching for on the grounds that their basic
and honourable freedoms had been removed. There was no freedom to have a
peaceful marriage, family and life. Black individuals were denied of their
fundamental human rights.
5) How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’
change his life?
Ans: When Mandela
understood his hunger for freedom, his life changed until the end of time. It
changed him from a family-man to a man of his people and a terrified young
fellow into a brave one. He fabricated as long as he can remember around
fighting for the basic fundamental rights for his community. He was more
sacrificial and high-minded than any other time in recent memory.
THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE
I. There are nouns in the text (formation,
government) which are formed
from the corresponding verbs (form,
govern) by suffixing - (at) ion or ment. There may be a change in the spelling of some verb – noun
pairs: such as rebel, rebellion; constitute, constitution.
MAKE A LIST OF PAIRS OF NOUN AND VERB.
|
NOUN |
VERB |
|
Rebellion |
Rebel |
|
Constitution |
Constitute |
|
Formation |
Form |
|
Government |
Govern |
|
Obligation |
Oblige |
|
Transformation |
Transform |
|
Discrimination |
Discriminate |
|
Deprivation |
Deprive |
|
Demonstration |
Demonstrate |
|
Oppression |
Oppress |
|
Imagination |
Imagine |
Read
the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the verbs in
brackets.
Martin Luther
King’s contribution (contribute) to our
history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the assistance (assist)
of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white
passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second
class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation (subjugate)
and humiliation (humiliate) by the police and
the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment (imprison)
and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s
tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance (resist)
to racial injustice.
II. Using the Definite Article with Names
You know that the definite article ‘the’ is not normally used before
proper nouns. Nor do proper nouns usually occur in the plural. (We do not say:
*The Nelson Mandela, or
*Nelson Mandelas.) But now look
at this sentence from the text: … the decades of oppression and brutality …
produced the Oliver Tambos, the Walter Sisulus, … of our time.
Used in this way with the and/or
in the plural, a proper noun carries a
special meaning. For example, what do you think the names above mean?
Choose the right answer.
(a) for example Oliver
Tambo, Walter Sisulu, …
(b) many other men like Oliver
Tambo, Walter Sisulu …/many men of their type or kind, whose names may
not be as well known.
Did you choose option (b)? Then you have the right answer!
Here
are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to say what these
sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary if you wish. Look at the entry
for ‘the’.)
1)
Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah Rukh Khans to his
parties.
2) Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of our times.
3) History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the
Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well.
Ans: 1) This means that Mr.
Singh regularly invites famous personalities like Amitabh Bachchan and Shah
Rukh Khan to his parties.
2) This means Madhuri Dixit
is such a great actress that she is worthy of being called the legendary actress
Madhubala of present times.
3) This means that History
not only consists of famous people like Alexanders, Napoleons and Hitler, but
also of ordinary people.
III. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
Match the italicized
phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest in meaning in Column B. (Hint:
First look for the sentence in the text in which the phrase in Column A
occurs.)
|
A |
B |
|
1.
I was not unmindful of the fact |
(i)
had not forgotten; was aware of the fact |
|
2.
when my comrades and I were pushed to our limits |
(i)
pushed by the guards to the wall |
|
3.
to reassure me and keep me going |
(i)
make me go on walking |
|
4.
the basic and honourable freedoms of…earning my keep,… |
(i)
earning enough money to live on |
Ans:
|
A |
B |
|
1.
I was not unmindful of the fact |
(i) had not forgotten;
was aware of the fact |
|
2.
when my comrades and I were pushed to our limits |
(iii) felt that we
could not endure the suffering any longer |
|
3.
to reassure me and keep me going |
(ii) help me
continue to live in hope in this very difficult situation |
|
4.
The basic and honourable freedoms of…earning my keep,… |
(i) earning enough money
to live on |
NELSON MANDELA
LONG WALK TO FREEDOM
SUMMARY
The former South African President was Nelson Mandela. This
article is for Nelson Mandela long walk to opportunity synopsis. This part is
the extracts from the "Long Walk to Freedom" book. It incorporates
the portrayal of the inauguration ceremony and references from his discourse
and about his excursion to being a freedom fighter. It says about the other
innumerable individuals who fought for their freedom. In South Africa, a severe
practice named "apartheid" (politically-sanctioned racial segregation)
was exceptionally well known back then. It referred to the separation between
people based on their race and colour. It was quite possibly the most ruthless
social orders in which black people were denied of their fundamental rights.
This exercise gives us an outline of the struggles of Mandela for making the
society with no separation based on their colour, caste, gender, race or age.
On
May 10, 1994, Nelson Mandela has taken the pledge as the first black leader of
South Africa. What's more, in this manner it's anything but another conceived
popularity based on new-born democratic country. Nelson Mandela made the vow as
the first black president. "A Long to Freedom", was written by Nelson
Mandela is about the struggle of freedom of South-Africa.
Numerous dignitaries
from various nations had come to be part for the main day. In his discourse,
Mandela said thanks to that load of dignitaries. Mandela guaranteed his
comrades that his nation could never under any circumstance experience a
similar concealment of one by another. Democracy (Vote based system) had been
set up in South Africa and subsequently, an administration of no discrimination
was set up.
Individuals of
South Africa sang two National Anthems as a symbol of that day. Mandela
reviewed that the justification this movement was that black people were
misused by the White people. He said that this sort of concealment of
individuals of South Africa is the beginning of numerous stars. Individuals
should figure out how to detest first, since, in such a case that they disdain
then they can be educated to cherish, as adoration comes from the contrary
conditions. He additionally says that a courageous man isn't that who doesn't
feel apprehensive however who vanquishes it.
Throughout everyday
life, a man has two major obligations. First obligation towards his family, to
his parents, to his wife and to his kids and second then again commitment
towards his nation, individuals and the community.
Everybody satisfies
his obligation according to his tendency and interest. Yet, it was
exceptionally difficult to satisfy in a nation like South Africa. At the point
when Mandela turned into a grown-up then he comprehended that his opportunity
was just a dream. Truth be told, he was the captive of misuse. He likewise comprehended
that he was a slave as well as his other relatives were moreover.
As indicated by
him, Freedom is additionally obligatory for them who were smothering others
previously. They additionally reserve the privilege to have this is on the
grounds that snatcher of other's freedom is a detainee of the equivalent. In
this manner, the oppressor is as much a detainee as the mistreated. The
oppressor also isn't free.
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