IV SEMESTER B.SC. / B.C.A (NEP) DEGREE EXAMINATION,
AUGUST/ SEPTEMBER – 2024
Time: 2
Hours Maximum
Marks: 60 Text: Carvalho
I. Answer
any FIVE of the following in one or two sentences: (5x2=10)
1) Where
were Mandanna and Laxmana working?
Ans: Mandanna
and Laxmana were working in a coffee estate in the novel Carvalho. The
estate is set in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, where much of the story
unfolds.
2) Who
is Carvalho?
Ans: Carvalho
is a mysterious and eccentric character in the novel. He is a researcher and
scientist who plays a crucial role in the unfolding events, though much of his
work is shrouded in secrecy.
3) Why did
the narrator meet Carvalho?
Ans: The
narrator meets Carvalho because he is intrigued by his scientific work and the
mysteries surrounding him. The narrator is curious and wants to understand more
about Carvalho’s research and his enigmatic personality.
4) What
did Pyara see in an overturned earthen pot?
Ans: Pyara,
the narrator’s dog, saw something unusual in the overturned earthen pot, which
led to a small mystery in the novel. However, it’s the curiosity and innocence
of the scene that adds a layer of intrigue in the story.
5) Who
acted as the father of the bridegroom in Mandanna’s marriage?
Ans: Yenkta, a close friend of Mandanna, acts as the father of the bridegroom
during his marriage in the novel.
6) Name the narrator’s dog in the novel.
Ans: The narrator’s dog in the novel is named Pyara.
7) Who
is Yenkta?.
Ans: Yenkta
is a character in the novel Carvalho. He is a friend of Mandanna and
plays a significant role in supporting various events, including acting as the
father figure in Mandanna’s marriage.
II. Answer any TWO of the following: (2x5=10)
1. Mandanna
2. Narway Ramaih
3. Lakshmana
4. Depiction of the nature in Carvalho.
1) Mandanna
Ans: Mandanna is one of the central
characters in Carvalho. He
works at a coffee estate in the Western Ghats and is a typical representation
of the working-class individuals who toil in the estate. He is portrayed as a
simple, hardworking, and loyal man, deeply connected to the land and people
around him. His marriage is a notable event in the story, where his friend
Yenkta takes on the role of his father. Mandanna's life reflects the social
fabric of rural Karnataka, dealing with everyday struggles, traditions, and
relationships.
2. Narway Ramaiah
Ans: Narway Ramaiah is a significant
character in the novel who represents the intellectual and curious side of the
rural setting. He is someone who delves into philosophical and intellectual
discussions, often engaging with the narrator on various topics. Ramaiah’s
character adds a layer of complexity to the narrative, showing how even in the
rural backdrop, there are individuals deeply involved in exploring the
mysteries of life, much like the central figure Carvalho.
3. Lakshmana
Ans: Lakshmana is another important character
in Carvalho. Like Mandanna, he
also works in the coffee estate and shares a close bond with the people in the
region. Lakshmana is representative of the labor force in the novel, reflecting
the culture and daily realities of estate workers. His character embodies loyalty,
resilience, and the interdependence of people in rural life. Lakshmana’s
interactions with other characters highlight the communal spirit and simplicity
of life in the Western Ghats.
4. Depiction of Nature in Carvalho
Ans: Nature is depicted vividly in Carvalho, with the setting of the
novel deeply rooted in the lush, green landscapes of the Western Ghats. The
dense forests, sprawling coffee estates, rivers, and wildlife all contribute to
a serene yet mysterious atmosphere. Tejaswi’s portrayal of nature is almost
like a character in itself, influencing the lives of the people living there.
The novel showcases the beauty of the Western Ghats but also its
unpredictability and the challenges it poses to those who inhabit it. Nature in
Carvalho is both nurturing and
enigmatic, mirroring the larger themes of mystery and discovery in the story.
III. 1. Sketch the character of Carvalho. (1x10=10)
Ans: In
Poornachandra Tejaswi's novel Carvalho, the character of Carvalho is an enigmatic and
intriguing figure whose presence drives much of the narrative. Carvalho is a
scientist, a researcher, and a man of profound intellect, yet he is shrouded in
mystery. His personality is multifaceted, combining eccentricity, brilliance,
and a deep connection with nature, which makes him both fascinating and elusive
to those around him, especially the narrator.
Carvalho
is introduced as a reclusive and secretive figure. He resides in the isolated
Western Ghats, conducting scientific research that captures the curiosity of
the narrator and other characters. His work is primarily focused on
understanding and documenting the local flora and fauna, and he is portrayed as
someone deeply passionate about biology and natural sciences. His dedication to
his research sets him apart from the everyday lives of the estate workers and
villagers, placing him in a realm of intellectual pursuit that few can fully
comprehend.
Despite
his brilliance, Carvalho's eccentricities often puzzle those around him. He
operates on his own terms, often working in isolation and refusing to conform
to societal expectations. His character embodies the classic archetype of the
mad genius—someone who is not bound by conventional norms but driven by a
higher purpose, in his case, the pursuit of knowledge. His reclusiveness adds
to his mystique, making him both an object of curiosity and respect.
Carvalho's
relationship with nature is one of the most defining aspects of his character.
He is depicted as being in tune with the natural world, with a keen
understanding of the ecosystems in the Western Ghats. His observations and
studies of the environment go beyond mere academic interest; they reflect a
deep, almost spiritual connection with the natural world. This aspect of his
personality resonates with the novel’s overall theme of the intricate and
mysterious relationship between humans and nature.
Despite
his scientific rigor, Carvalho is not without flaws. His isolation and singular
focus on his work often lead to a detachment from human relationships. He can
come across as aloof, and his interactions with others are limited and
transactional. However, his character is not entirely without empathy—he cares
for the environment and has a profound respect for the natural order,
suggesting a moral compass rooted in his love for the earth.
In
essence, Carvalho is a complex character who symbolizes the pursuit of
knowledge and the tension between intellect and human connection. His
mysterious and eccentric nature makes him a central figure in the novel,
driving the curiosity of both the narrator and the reader.
(OR)
2. ‘Carvalho’ presents: the dream world of
science, mystery and everyday life of malnad-Explain.
Ans: In Carvalho,
Poornachandra Tejaswi masterfully weaves together the realms of science,
mystery, and the everyday life of the Malnad region, creating a rich narrative
that reflects both the intellectual pursuits of a scientist and the simple,
organic rhythms of rural life. The novel captures the essence of Malnad, a
region in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, its lush greenery, natural beauty,
and the close-knit lives of its people, while also delving into the mysteries
of science and nature that often go unnoticed by the everyday observer.
At the
heart of the novel is the character of Carvalho, a reclusive scientist whose
work blends the dream-like allure of scientific discovery with the natural
mysteries of the region. Carvalho represents the "dream world of
science." He is deeply involved in researching the flora and fauna of the
Malnad region, driven by a desire to unlock nature's secrets. His work reflects
the spirit of exploration and intellectual curiosity. However, his pursuits are
not purely for academic satisfaction, they have an element of mystery and awe,
as if nature itself holds profound truths waiting to be uncovered. Tejaswi uses
Carvalho’s character to show how science, though rooted in logic, often appears
mystical to those who are not part of its world.
Alongside
this scientific dream world is the ordinary, everyday life of Malnad. The
novel’s characters, such as Mandanna and Lakshmana, represent the common folk
who live simple lives connected to the land. They work on the coffee estates,
interact with each other in a close-knit community, and deal with routine
struggles. Their existence is defined by nature, but not in the scientific way
that Carvalho experiences it. For them, nature is a source of livelihood and
survival. Their lives reflect the rhythms of rural India, where community,
tradition, and the environment are deeply intertwined.
However,
Tejaswi introduces an element of mystery into this ordinary world as well.
There are unexplained events, secrets hidden in the landscape, and strange
occurrences that hint at something beyond the visible, adding a sense of
intrigue to the otherwise routine existence of the villagers. This mystery
aligns with the novel’s exploration of science as a quest for the unknown.
In Carvalho, the
dream world of science coexists with the everyday life of Malnad, with both
realms infused with a sense of wonder and mystery. The novel bridges the gap
between intellectual curiosity and the simple beauty of rural life,
highlighting the fact that both the natural and human worlds are full of
secrets waiting to be explored.
IV. Answer any Two of the following selecting
one from Poetry and one from TED Talks (2x5=10)
1. Critically appreciate the poem “On Killing
a Tree”
2. How does Sahlini Rajanish present her
ideas on Gender Equality and Empowerment of all women?
3. Describe India’s environmental crisis.
1) Critically
Appreciate the Poem "On Killing a Tree"
Ans: Gieve
Patel’s poem "On Killing a Tree" is a powerful commentary on human
insensitivity toward nature, particularly the destructive relationship between
humans and trees. The poem portrays the act of cutting a tree as a slow and
brutal process, emphasizing that it is not just a simple task but one that
involves deliberate violence. Patel’s detailed description of the tree's
resistance to being cut symbolizes nature’s resilience. The imagery of the
roots being pulled out of the earth highlights the deep connection between the
tree and the soil, suggesting that uprooting nature causes irreversible damage
to both the environment and human life. The poem uses this metaphor to critique
humanity's exploitation of nature for material gain. Through its vivid language
and imagery, the poem urges readers to recognize the sacredness of nature and
the profound impact of its destruction on the ecosystem.
2. How
Does Shalini Rajneesh Present Her Ideas on Gender Equality and Empowerment of
All Women?
Ans: Shalini
Rajneesh, in her TED Talk, discusses gender equality and the empowerment of
women with a focus on structural and societal change. She emphasizes that
gender equality is not merely about giving women opportunities but ensuring
equal participation in decision-making processes across all levels. Rajneesh
highlights the need for education and skill development as critical tools to
empower women economically and socially. By promoting financial independence,
she believes women can break free from traditional societal roles and
stereotypes. Rajneesh also stresses the importance of changing societal
mindsets, advocating for policies and initiatives that support women's health,
education, and leadership opportunities. She presents real-life examples of
women who have risen to leadership positions when given the right support. Her
vision of gender equality is holistic, integrating education, economic
empowerment, and cultural shifts to create a more inclusive society where women
can thrive in all spheres.
3.
Describe India’s Environmental Crisis
Ans: India
faces a significant environmental crisis, with critical issues like air
pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, and waste management posing severe
threats to both human health and biodiversity. Rapid industrialization,
urbanization, and population growth have led to the degradation of natural
resources. Air pollution, particularly in major cities, has reached alarming
levels, making it one of the leading causes of health problems in the country.
Deforestation and loss of green cover have disrupted ecosystems, leading to the
extinction of species and loss of biodiversity. Water scarcity is another
pressing issue, with many regions facing droughts and groundwater depletion due
to overuse and contamination. Additionally, the poor management of waste,
particularly plastic waste, is polluting rivers and oceans, further endangering
wildlife and marine ecosystems. India's environmental crisis requires urgent
and coordinated action through sustainable policies, community engagement, and
stricter regulations to mitigate the damage and protect the environment for
future generations.
V. 1. Explain the importance of Pecha Kucha
presentation. (1x5=5)
Ans: A Pecha
Kucha presentation is an innovative and concise presentation format
designed to maintain audience engagement through brevity and visual
storytelling. The format consists of 20 slides, each displayed for 20 seconds,
resulting in a 6-minute and 40-second presentation. This structure forces
presenters to focus on the core message, eliminating unnecessary details and
promoting clarity.
The
primary advantage of Pecha Kucha lies in its ability to keep presentations
dynamic and engaging. By limiting the time spent on each slide, it encourages
the use of strong visuals and simple, impactful language, making complex ideas
more accessible and easier to grasp. The format is especially useful in
creative, educational, and business settings, where clear communication and
time efficiency are crucial. Pecha Kucha presentations foster creativity and
discipline, challenging presenters to be more thoughtful in their content
delivery, and are ideal for fast-paced environments or conferences.
(OR)
2. What are the skills required for an
interview?
Ans: To
succeed in an interview, several key skills are essential:
i.
Communication Skills: Clear,
concise, and confident communication is crucial. Interviewers assess both
verbal and non-verbal communication, including body language, tone, and eye contact.
ii.
Preparation: Researching the
company, understanding the job role, and anticipating possible questions are
vital. This demonstrates interest and helps tailor your responses to the
company’s needs.
iii.
Problem-Solving Ability:
Employers often ask about challenges you’ve faced. Demonstrating a logical,
solution-oriented mindset is critical for many roles.
iv.
Confidence and Self-Presentation:
Appearing confident without being overbearing creates a positive impression.
Dressing appropriately and maintaining professionalism are also key.
v.
Active Listening: Engaging
with the interviewer’s questions and responding thoughtfully shows
attentiveness and respect.
vi.
Adaptability: Being flexible and
open to discussing different aspects of your experience, even under pressure,
is a valuable trait.
These
skills collectively create a positive, professional impression during an
interview.
VI. 1. Write a note on your travel
experience. (1x5=5)
Ans: Traveling
has always been a source of inspiration and adventure for me. My most memorable
trip was to the beautiful landscapes of the Swiss Alps. Arriving in Zurich, I
was immediately captivated by the picturesque scenery, lush green mountains,
pristine lakes, and charming villages.
I took a
scenic train ride to Zermatt, where the iconic Matterhorn loomed majestically
in the background. Hiking through the alpine trails, I was surrounded by
vibrant wildflowers and the sound of cascading streams. The fresh mountain air
invigorated my spirit, and I felt a profound connection with nature.
One of the
highlights was visiting a local cheese factory, where I learned about the
traditional methods of Swiss cheese-making and indulged in some delicious
samples. Each evening, I enjoyed authentic Swiss cuisine, including fondue, in
cozy mountain restaurants.
Interacting
with locals enriched my experience further; their warmth and hospitality made
me feel at home. This trip not only broadened my horizons but also deepened my
appreciation for diverse cultures and the beauty of nature. Traveling reminds
me of the importance of exploration and the joy of creating lasting memories,
and I look forward to my next adventure.
(OR)
2. Write an article on one of your scientific
experiments.
Ans: One
of the most fascinating scientific experiments I conducted involved exploring
the effects of sunlight on plant growth. For this experiment, I used three
identical potted plants of the same species, ensuring they had the same soil
and watering conditions.
I placed
one plant in direct sunlight for eight hours daily, another in partial shade,
and the third in complete darkness. Over four weeks, I measured their height,
leaf color, and overall health. The objective was to observe how different
light conditions affected their growth.
As the
experiment progressed, I noted significant differences. The plant in direct
sunlight thrived, exhibiting vibrant green leaves and a height increase of
nearly six inches. The plant in partial shade showed moderate growth and a
lighter green hue, while the one in complete darkness remained stunted, barely
growing an inch and displaying yellowing leaves.
This
experiment vividly illustrated the importance of sunlight for photosynthesis
and overall plant health. It reinforced the concept that light is crucial for
growth, highlighting how plants adapt to their environments. This hands-on
experience deepened my understanding of botany and the scientific method, and I
look forward to conducting more experiments in the future.
VII. 1. Draft a congratulatory e-mail copy to
your friend on his success in the IPS examination. (1x5=5)
From: mohan123@gmail.com
Subject:
Congratulations on Your Incredible Achievement!
Dear
Nirav,
I hope
this email finds you well! I just heard the fantastic news about your success
in the IPS examination, and I couldn't be more thrilled for you.
Congratulations on this monumental achievement!
Your
dedication, hard work, and perseverance have truly paid off, and it's inspiring
to see your dreams becoming a reality. I know how much effort you put into your
preparation, and this success is a testament to your commitment and resilience.
As you
embark on this new journey in the Indian Police Service, I have no doubt that
you will excel and make a positive impact. Your passion for justice and serving
the community is admirable, and I can’t wait to see all the incredible things
you will accomplish.
Let’s
celebrate this wonderful milestone soon! You deserve all the accolades and
recognition for your hard work.
Once
again, congratulations! I am so proud of you.
Warm
regards,
(Mohan)
(OR)
2. Draft a leave letter to be sent via e-mail
to the manager of your bank, citing reasons for your sudden illness.
Ans: From:
kumar007@gmail.com
Subject:
Leave of Absence Due to Illness
Dear sir,
I hope
this message finds you well. I am writing to formally request a leave of
absence due to a sudden illness that has rendered me unable to perform my
duties effectively.
Unfortunately,
I began experiencing symptoms unexpectedly and have been advised by my doctor
to take some time off to recover fully. I anticipate that I will need four days
for my recovery and plan to return to work on Saturday. During my absence, I
will ensure that all my responsibilities are handed over to Rakesh to maintain
continuity in our operations.
I
apologize for any inconvenience this may cause and appreciate your
understanding during this time. Please let me know if you need any further
information or documentation regarding my illness.
Thank you
for your support.
Sincerely,
Kumar
VIII. 1. Write a note on ‘Twitter’ (1x5=5)
Ans: Twitter
is a popular social media platform known for its micro blogging format,
allowing users to share thoughts, news, and updates in concise messages called
tweets. Each tweet can contain up to 280 characters, encouraging brevity and
clarity. Launched in 2006, Twitter has evolved into a powerful tool for
communication, networking, and information dissemination.
One of the
defining features of Twitter is its real-time nature, enabling users to stay
updated on global events, trending topics, and breaking news. Hashtags, which
are words or phrases preceded by the "#" symbol, help categorize
content and connect conversations around specific themes. This feature has
facilitated social movements, awareness campaigns, and public discussions on
various issues.
Twitter is
widely used by individuals, businesses, celebrities, and organizations to
engage with their audiences. It offers a platform for sharing opinions,
promoting products, and building brands. Additionally, Twitter fosters
community interaction through replies, retweets, and likes, making it a dynamic
space for dialogue.
However,
the platform has faced challenges, including the spread of misinformation, cyber
bullying, and harassment. Despite these issues, Twitter remains a vital
communication tool, shaping public discourse and connecting people worldwide in
meaningful ways.
(OR)
2. Explain the importance of Blog Writing.
Ans: Blog
writing plays a crucial role in today’s digital landscape, offering a platform
for individuals and businesses to share information, express ideas, and connect
with audiences. One of the primary benefits of blogging is enhancing online
visibility. Search engines favor fresh, relevant content, making blogs an
effective tool for improving search engine optimization (SEO) and driving
organic traffic to websites.
Additionally,
blogs serve as a medium for building authority and credibility in a particular
niche. By sharing expertise, insights, and valuable information, writers can
position themselves as thought leaders, fostering trust among readers. This
trust can translate into loyal followers, increased customer engagement, and,
ultimately, higher conversion rates.
Blogging
also encourages community interaction, allowing readers to comment, share, and
discuss topics. This engagement fosters a sense of belonging and helps creators
understand their audience’s needs and preferences better.
Furthermore,
blog writing enhances communication skills, as it requires clarity, creativity,
and the ability to convey complex ideas succinctly. In a world where attention
spans are short, the ability to engage and retain an audience is invaluable.
Overall, blog writing is an essential tool for personal expression, business
growth, and community building in the digital age.
