FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY AUXILIARIES, MODAL
AUXILIARIES AND MAIN VERBS
PRIMARY AUXILIARIES
Forms: The primary auxiliaries are "be,"
"have," and "do."
- Be: am, is, are, was, were,
being, been
- Have: have, has, had, having
- Do: do, does, did, doing
Functions:
- Be: Used to form continuous
tenses and passive voice.
- Have: Used to form perfect tenses.
- Do: Used to form questions,
negatives, and emphatic statements.
Examples of Primary Auxiliaries
Be:
1.
I
am reading a book.
2.
She
is studying for her exams.
3.
They
are playing soccer in the park.
4.
He
was cooking dinner when I arrived.
5.
The
homework was completed by the student.
6.
We
are being watched by the teacher.
7.
The
event is being held next week.
8.
The
house has been painted recently.
9.
The
cat was being very playful.
10. I am being careful with my
words.
Have:
11. I have finished my
homework.
12. She has lived in this
city for five years.
13. They had already left
when I arrived.
14. We have been working hard
all day.
15. He has been to France
twice.
16. You had a great time at
the party.
17. I have a meeting
scheduled for tomorrow.
18. She has a beautiful
garden in her backyard.
19. They have had enough time
to prepare.
20. We had a delicious meal
at the restaurant.
Do:
21. Do you want to join us for
dinner?
22. She does not like spicy
food.
23. I did my homework
yesterday.
24. He does his best work
under pressure.
25. They do go to the gym
regularly.
26. Did you see the new movie?
27. I do appreciate your help.
28. She did finish the
project on time.
29. He does speak three
languages fluently.
30. We did enjoy our trip to
the mountains.
MODAL
AUXILIARIES
Forms: Modal auxiliaries include can,
could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, and ought to.
Functions:
- Ability: Can, could
- Permission: May, might
- Possibility: May, might
- Advice or suggestion: Should, ought to
- Obligation: Must, have to
- Future intention: Will, shall
- Polite requests: Would, could
Examples
of Modal Auxiliaries
1.
I
can swim very well.
2.
She
could play the piano when she was younger.
3.
May
I borrow your pen?
4.
You
might want to check that report again.
5.
We
shall meet at noon tomorrow.
6.
You
should see a doctor if you're feeling unwell.
7.
He
must finish his homework before going out.
8.
They
will arrive by 5 PM.
9.
Would
you like some coffee?
10. You ought to apologize for
your mistake.
11. I can help you with your
project.
12. He could help you if you
asked him.
13. She may join us for dinner.
14. It might rain later today.
15. We shall start the meeting
without you.
16. You should try the new
restaurant in town.
17. He must be at least 18 to
vote.
18. They will complete the task
by Friday.
19. Could you please pass the salt?
20. You ought to exercise
regularly for good health.
21. I can finish this work by
tomorrow.
22. She could understand French
when she was a child.
23. You may leave early today.
24. It might be a good idea to
call her first.
25. We shall see what we can do.
26. You should always wear a
seatbelt.
27. He must wear a helmet while
riding his bike.
28. They will go on vacation next
month.
29. Would you mind closing the window?
30. You ought to take a break
when you’re tired.
31. I can meet you at the café
later.
32. He could run faster than
anyone in his class.
33. May I use your phone?
34. She might attend the
conference next week.
35. We shall continue with our
plan despite the challenges.
36. You should practice more if
you want to improve.
37. He must have left already.
38. They will support your
decision.
39. Would you like to come with us?
40. You ought to try to finish
what you started.
41. I can help you move this
weekend.
42. She could be the next
champion.
43. You may want to reconsider
your options.
44. It might not be safe to go
out tonight.
45. We shall have a discussion
about the project tomorrow.
46. You should get more sleep.
47. He must study hard to pass
the exam.
48. They will finish the job on
time.
49. Could you explain that again,
please?
50. You ought to consider all the
facts before deciding.
MAIN
VERBS
Forms: Main verbs can take different
forms based on tense (present, past, future), aspect (simple, continuous,
perfect), and voice (active, passive).
Functions:
- Action: Represents the action being
performed.
- State: Describes a state of being or
condition.
Examples
of Main Verbs
1.
I
run every morning.
2.
She
reads a new book each week.
3.
They
play soccer on Saturdays.
4.
He
writes poetry in his free time.
5.
We
eat dinner at 6 PM every night.
6.
She
studies biology at the university.
7.
I
drink coffee every morning.
8.
They
watch movies on weekends.
9.
He
teaches mathematics to high school students.
10. We travel to different
countries every year.
11. I saw a beautiful sunset
yesterday.
12. She went to the store to buy
groceries.
13. They played cards all night.
14. He wrote a letter to his
friend.
15. We cooked a delicious meal
for dinner.
16. I did my homework before
going out.
17. She ran a marathon last year.
18. They built a tree house in
the backyard.
19. He found his lost wallet.
20. We visited our grandparents
last weekend.
21. I am happy with my results.
22. She is working on a new
project.
23. They were playing in the park
when it started to rain.
24. He was studying late into the
night.
25. We have seen that movie
before.
26. I had a great time at the
party.
27. She will finish her report by
Friday.
28. They will be attending the
concert tonight.
29. He can solve difficult math
problems.
30. We could hear the music from
afar.
31. I want to learn a new
language.
32. She likes to paint in her
free time.
33. They need to finish their
assignments.
34. He hates waiting in long
lines.
35. We enjoy going for long
walks.
36. I prefer tea over coffee.
37. She thinks about her future
plans.
38. They believe in hard work and
dedication.
39. He feels excited about the
upcoming event.
40. We consider all options
before making a decision.
41. I hope to see you soon.
42. She fears losing her job.
43. They trust each other
completely.
44. He suggests a different
approach to the problem.
45. We advise caution in this
situation.
46. I promise to help you with
your project.
47. She agrees with the plan.
48. They complain about the
weather.
49. He expresses his thoughts
openly.
50. We celebrate our achievements
together.
