2ND PUC ENGLISH NOTES - THE GARDENER

 

THE GARDENER

P. Lankesh

Comprehension I

1) What qualities of the old man impressed the narrator?

Ans: The old man intrigued the narrator by his eyes suffused with odd recollections and local knowledge. He had solid strong arms, silver hairs and a nose like nose. He had a paper tucked under his arm and a spade in his grasp. The narrator felt the elderly person was a worker; administrator and scholar all folded into one a multi-dimensional character.

 

2) Is it a significant factor that the old man came to the garden after walking hundreds of miles?

Ans: Yes, it is a significant factor that the old man came to the garden after walking hundreds of miles.  

 

3) The owner of the garden became lethargic because

a) the income of the garden improved dramatically.

b) he had become dependent upon the gardener.

c) there was nothing much left for the owner to do.

 Answer: c) there was nothing much left for the owner to do.

 

4) Why did the owner’s wife start worrying about the strange ways of her husband?

Ans: The proprietor of the coconut manor was very typical. He was endeavoring to achieve improvement in his earnings. Probably he had little skill in overseeing rural laborers. Consequently, he was searching for somebody who might help him. That is the reason, the second he addressed the elderly person (Tamanna) he felt that he had got the sort of man he needed. His assumptions demonstrated right and the elderly person helped him inside and out and tackled every one of his issues, which in the end brought about expansion in his pay. When his concerns vanished and he had scarcely any work to draw in himself in, his own consideration went towards obtaining property and social renown. It is very regular that with social renown additionally follow certain indecencies among which infidelity was one. Adultery influences any lady. Up and down, her better half had been devoted to her and once his better half came to realize that he was investing his cash and energy with different ladies, she got truly stressed. She thought that it was difficult to choose whether the appearance of the elderly person had done fortunate or unfortunate to her significant other.

 

5) When did the old man decide to narrate his story?

 Ans: The old man, who had settled there in the coconut estate for great, had watched the exercises of the proprietor. At first, the proprietor used to show interest in improving his ranch. When the elderly person had tackled every one of the issues, the proprietor had a lot of recreation and he got apathetic. Besides, he had more cash which drove him to grow his ranch. At that point he had turned his look towards getting property and social glory. At that point he developed certain indecencies among which infidelity was one. At some point, he saw the proprietor's significant other in the estate. He saw her looking stressed. He speculated that her significant other's exercises had given her the concerns. In this manner, when he saw her in the estate he figured he ought to portray his own story and attempt to alert her about her significant other. He had perceived the manner in which we face good and bad times in our day to day existence. Thusly, he most likely accepted that she could possibly persuade her better half about his errors and set his life straight.

 

6) Tammanna considers his rival, Sangoji/Basavaiah, an important possession because

a) Competition helps in the development of an individual.

b) Sangoji/Basavaiah leads a more colorful life.

c) Rivalry offers new possibilities of life for him.

Ans: c) rivalry offers new possibilities of life for him.

 

7) “No, his name was not Sangoji, but Basavaiah,” said the old man because

a) he had really forgotten the name.

b) he wanted to keep the identity of his rival a secret

c) he was ctionalizing his past.

Ans: c) he was ctionalizing his past.

 

8) What unique strategy did Tammanna conceive to annihilate Basavaiah?

Ans: At the point when Tammanna came to realize that Basavaiah had persuasively obtained 200 sections of land of his property, he was unable to endure this attack. Despite the fact that his allies disclosed to him every one of the methods accessible to him, he was not happy with them since he realized that eventually Basavaiah would again attempt to outshine him no holds barred. Tammanna didn't need Basavaiah to inconvenience him once more. Thus, he hit on an interesting arrangement. He took response to singing songs and informing individuals through them regarding the brutality and the unpleasantness of Basavaiah. This way he figured he could destroy him totally.

 

9) Why does Basavaiah start inviting scholars and musicians to his place?

Ans: When Tammanna began going on about Basavaiah's brutality and ugliness in his melodies, Tammanna turned out to be mainstream among researchers of old stories and pundits. Basavaiah observed this in disgrace. Basavaiah attempted to review his embarrassment by obtaining material abundance. He adorned himself with gold, jewels and other valuable stones, and began living in a palatial house. Yet, the guests to his home disclosed to him that his home looked dull and void in light of the fact that Tammanna's books were not there. Basavaiah considered contributing his home with significance by welcoming scholars, poets and musicians to his place.

 

10) What was Basavaiah’s ray of hope in his attempts to outwit Tammanna?

Ans: At the point when Basavaiah flopped on the whole his endeavors to outmaneuver Tammanna, he came to realize that Tammanna had become sick. This news perked up Basavaiah's spirits. This gave him a beam of expectation that by keeping himself sound he could outsmart Tammanna who was sick. Tammanna's illness turned into Basavaiah's health.

 

11) Tammanna decides to give up everything and leave the place because of

a) he sees no purpose in living there.

b) he wants to create an impression that he is dead.

c) he wants to put an end to the rivalry.

Ans: b) he wants to create an impression that he is dead.

 

12) Tammanna forgets his songs and ballads because

a) he finds them futile.

b) he doesn’t need them anymore.

c) he avenges himself.

Ans: b) he doesn’t need them anymore.

 

13) When did Tammanna forget all his songs and ballads?

Ans: After the death of Basavaiah Tammanna forgot all his songs and ballads.

 

14) Where was the coconut grove located?

Ans: The coconut grove was located near Chennarayapatna.

 

Comprehension II

1) How did the owner’s lifestyle change after the arrival of the old man?

Ans: The owner had been endeavoring to improve his plantation; however there were numerous issues which he had not had the option to settle. In any case, when the elderly person met him, he came to realize that the elderly person was knowledgeable in horticulture and had local insight. In this manner he named him right away. His assumptions demonstrated right. The elderly person demonstrated his value in tackling every one of the issues. Therefore, the pay from the nursery improved significantly. This caused a detectable change in the way of life of the proprietor. He extended his manor. Be that as it may, he got lazy and avoided difficult work. His abundance and social glory additionally expanded. He obtained various companions in the following town just as in his own town. Despite the fact that he had priceless little to do, his life got swarmed with beautiful occasions. He developed umpteen indecencies including infidelity.

 

2) What advice did the supporters of Tammanna give for getting back his land?

Ans: At the point when Basavaiah obtained Tammanna's 200 acres of land forcibly, Tammanna couldn't endure this intrusion. Tammanna's allies prompted him about the different techniques accessible for getting back his property. They disclosed to him that he could go to the courtroom. He could likewise take response to the police. On the off chance that he would not like to do either, there were quite a few people prepared to assault Basavaiah and utilizing power and savagery to wrest his territory from him.

 

3) How did Tammanna react to Basavaiah’s encroachment of his land?

Ans: At the point when Tammanna came to realize that Basavaiah had persuasively removed 200 acres of land of his territory, he was unable to endure this attack. At the point when his allies encouraged him to one or the other go to the court or look for the assistance of the police or request that a few people assault Basavaiah and reclaim his property coercively, Tammanna hit on a remarkable thought, of demolishing Basavaiah. He considered getting every one of his encounters made in the structure out of ditties and informing individuals through them regarding the brutality and the ugliness of Basavaiah.

4) How did Basavaiah try to overcome his humiliation?

 Ans: At the point when Tammanna began singing songs through which he enlightened individuals regarding Basavaiah's remorselessness and his unpleasantness, he turned out to be main stream. Numerous scholars of folklore and scholarly critics interpreted his melodies and procured a lot of the popularity. This made Basavaiah shrivel in defeat. Be that as it may, he attempted to change his embarrassment by obtaining more material riches and extravagances. He got a palatial manor worked for himself. He designated various people just to applaud him. He festooned himself with gold, jewels, and other valuable stones. He even had begun welcoming researchers, writers and performers to his place with the aim of contributing his home with significance.

 

Comprehension III

1) The rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah keeps moving from the visible domain to the invisible. Comment.

Ans: In the first place, there gave off an impression of healthy competition between Tammanna and Basavaiah. Tammanna didn't accept Basavaiah as his adversary by any stretch of the imagination. In this manner, when Basavaiah procured fifteen admirers to outshine Tammanna's ten companions, it did not come to Tammanna's notification by any means. Tammanna did anything he desired without worrying about Basavaiah. However, Basavaiah didn't stay silent. At the point when he came to realize that Tammanna had 1,000 sections of land of land, and he had just eight hundred, he couldn't endure this. He reached out to Tammanna requesting that he offer 200 acres of land to him. Tammanna disagreed. Actually, he offered to purchase all the land that had a place with Basavaiah. Hence, Basavaiah obliged his kin and procured 200 acres of land of Tammanna's property persuasively and got a fence worked around it. Tammanna couldn't endure this intrusion. Afterward, when his allies recommended to him that he could go to the official courtroom or the police or utilize his own kin to assault him and persuasively wrest his property from him, Tammanna didn't acknowledge their idea.

 

Tammanna most likely idea that rivaling Basavaiah by actual methods has no limit to it since it relies upon who can marshal more muscle power. Muscle power has its own limits. Also, muscle power needs the association of a lot more individuals separated from Tammanna. Also, as long as the two of them were battling by obvious methods individuals won't realize who was attempting to rival whom. Until at that point, Basavaiah was the first to show to individuals he had more land, more companions, more riches, and so forth Tammanna never really demonstrate hatred for Basavaiah. Whatever Tammanna did, was on his common tendency and not to show disdain toward Basavaiah. Hence, Tammanna understood the impediments of rivaling Basavaiah by actual methods. That is the reason he considered stopping the unfortunate contention of Basavaiah by taking response to something undetectable. He took plan of action to singing songs and enlightening individuals through them regarding the cold-bloodlessness and the unpleasantness of Basavaiah.

 

2) How does Tammanna adopt a counter strategy to challenge the material wealth of Basavaiah?

Ans: At the point when Tammanna came to realize that the contention among him and Basavaiah had arrived at a pinnacle and that 200 acres of land of his property had been forcibly detracted from him and had been even fenced up, Tammanna hit on an arrangement of destroying Basavaiah totally. He got all his harsh encounters with Basavaiah made in the structure out of numbers and began singing them before individuals, declaring to everybody Basavaiah's savagery and his ugliness. This way his standing as a craftsman began spreading quick and critics and researchers of legends swarmed him and interpreted his songs.

3) Tammanna turns reflective in the course of his life. What does this tell us about human nature?

Ans: ‘The Gardener’ is the story of Tammanna, an old man, now employed in a coconut plantation. Despite the fact that the story is at first described by the creator, Tammanna himself turns into the storyteller later. Tammanna is the hero in the story and he recounts the account of the competition between two ranchers Tammanna and Basavaiah. Despite the fact that Tammanna is one of the characters in the story, the storyteller doesn't uncover his personality till the end. The subsequent storyteller discloses to us that Tammanna was a rancher, had ten sections of land of land, an agreeable house and individuals too prepared to even think about doing his orders. At that point he educates us regarding his opponent Basavaiah. We gain from the storyteller that Tammanna didn't see Basavaiah as his opponent at first. Tammanna had a typical existence and became prosperous bit by bit and came to have 1000 sections of land of land. Until some point whatever Basavaiah did to keep himself comparable to Tammanna was viewed as sound rivalry. However, at some point, Basavaiah requests Tammanna to sell him his 200 acres of land from land and Tammanna declines. Basavaiah takes the land persuasively. Despite the fact that there were different choices accessible for getting his territory back, Tammanna looks for a technique that could destroy Basavaiah totally. Rather than demonstrating May is correct or looking for equity from the official courtroom, Tammanna utilizes an alternate technique. He makes and sings melodies about Basavaiah's ugliness and cruelty. Very soon Tammanna turns out to be exceptionally main stream and Basavaiah has no solution to his intelligent thoughts.

 

Furthermore, Tammanna having discovered significant commitment in 'art' neglects Basavaiah's awful deeds. Exactly when Basavaiah is thinking about what to do close to demonstrate hatred for Tammanna, he comes to realize that Tammanna is sick. Basavaiah is satisfied with the news. But their competition doesn't end there. Tammanna chooses to out beat him by controlling the actual circumstance. He quits any pretense of everything and disappears to Chennarayapatna to get out the word that Tammanna is dead. Later Basavaiah kicks the bucket a natural death. At the point when Tammanna comes to think about his passing, he gets intelligent. In spite of the fact that there is no reason impact connection between the talk of Tammanna's passing and Basavaiah's genuine demise, Tammanna is shaken insane.

 

Up to that point both Basavaiah and Tammanna enjoyed competition to fulfill their self image. With the demise of Basavaiah, Tammanna loses his character and he turns into a non-element. This causes Tammanna to reflect over human instinct and reaches the resolution that man needs some issue to battle for or stick on to. In this game, when the washout bites the dust it is normal for the champ to feel regretful. He experiences a feeling of blame that he was answerable for Basavaiah's passing. Normally, when Tammanna is charged by his own heart, he gets intelligent. At the point when one becomes intelligent, one will in general audit one's own behavior dispassionately. We don't typically append feelings to our reasoning and afterward we find what turned out badly and where. Here, both Tammanna and Basavaiah have not done anything 'terrible' deliberately. They just took on nonexistent conflicts and lived in their very own fantasy universe. Man is mortal and all the greatness that man accepts to appreciate is made by our brain. Man is a visionary and lives in his very own fantasy universe. Since man's life has its own impediments, man's fantasy and reality seldom go as one. At the point when reality overwhelms man, the man comes to understand that he is just a manikin in the plan of things and man is truly 'nothing', however develops his own picture to help his certainty so life gets significant as long as he is alive.

 

4) How does the reference to Russia and America provide another dimension to the story?

Ans: ‘The Gardener’ presents the narrative of two ranchers who get effectively engaged with competition and every one attempts to surpass the other in profit, riches and social esteem. However, at a certain point, Basavaiah takes plan of action to constrain and persuasively possesses a section of Tammanna's landholdings. As of recently the two of them had attempted to upstage the other utilizing substantial methods. Yet, presently Tammanna understands the restrictions of muscle power thus utilizes his 'insight' to release a procedure by which he wishes to destroy Basavaiah totally. He gets all his severe encounters with Basavaiah made in the structure out of numbers and tunes and sings them openly. Along these lines, Tammanna attempts to give a fitting answer to Basavaiah's utilization of actual power thus their battle takes a mental measurement. Basavaiah neglects to coordinate to the manipulatory strategies of Tammanna and psychologists in disgrace. In any case, he attempts to comfort his injured pride by enjoying rich living. Regardless of what he does, he doesn't prevail with regards to upstaging Tammanna. It is at this stage higher powers assume their own part. Tammanna becomes sick and Basavaiah appreciates mentally disclosing to himself that Tammanna's infection is Basavaiah's wellbeing. Along these lines, Basavaiah gets the fulfillment of discovering motivation to keep himself glad. Thus, here the story has now passed from the actual measurement to the mental measurement.

 

At this stage, Tammanna comes out with another arrangement. He intends to utilize something past man's life. Tammanna believes that as long as Basavaiah realizes that he is alive, Basavaiah will keep on accepting him as his adversary. So Tammanna hits on a thought which works at a level higher than the physical and mental level. He will probably beat Basavaiah on another plane, which is past man's cutoff points. He knows without a doubt that if Basavaiah comes to feel that Tammanna is dead, Basavaiah will quit regarding him as his opponent. Tammanna disappears to Chennarayapatna and gets out the word that Tammanna is dead. It is sheer fortuitous event that Basavaiah passes on a characteristic demise. However, Tammanna comes to feel regretful that he was the reason for his passing. This occurrence takes him back to his faculties and he reflects over his life. Presently, after the passing of Basavaiah, Tammanna has become a non-substance. At the point when he reflects over their shared game plans, Tammanna understands that man develops a few motivations to make his life significant. He additionally understands that man can continue enjoying impulses and likes until a particular age as it were. Afterward, when the man comes to stand up to the real world, he comes to see reality. At that point he gets profound. That is the point at which a man understands his constraints. Accordingly we see the plot taking a few measurements from physical to mental and afterward to otherworldly. Yet, this story additionally takes another measurement. Prior, stories that used to zero in on man's indecencies like savagery, unpleasantness, greed, jealousy, competition, and so on, used to be depicted on a more modest material and the narratives used to be bound to individuals living in towns, cities and realms. We are presently in the post-current culture and the everyday person is presently being affected by worldwide powers. In customary social orders, answers for man's ordinary, existential issues used to be found locally. A ruler or a Lord or a clan leader ora zamindar used to apportion equity. In any case, this story is arranged in a post-present day culture.

 

At the point when Basavaiah gains Tammanna's property forcibly, Tammanna's adherents offer three arrangements look for the assistance of the police; seek a legitimate arrangement; or take plan of action to utilize muscle power. The three procedures recommended by Tammanna's supporters immerse this story in the post-current situation. Their reasoning shows an advanced reality where police, law court and mafia exist. Indeed, even at the public and worldwide levels, large nations like Russia and America follow such systems. The way that Tammanna makes a reference to Russia and America, is just a clue by the creator that the issues of 'man' in the cutting edge society can't be bound to the conflict among 'ethics and indecencies' of the yester years however man's issues are intricate and are reflected at the worldwide level too.

 

Essentially, when Tammanna makes a reference to Russia's affirmation to America that America isn't their foe and she won't wage a conflict against America, it is just a technique by the author to propose that Tammanna and Basavaiah have a place with post-present day culture. One can likewise deduce that an abstract craftsman in the advanced world can't be oblivious to man's issues all in all and attempt to recommend arrangements at the nearby level. Man's issues are profound established and have suggestions at various levels. Man's issues go past a country and however issues of human culture are something similar, they expect various measurements as human culture turns out to be increasingly more unpredictable consistently.

 

5) Observe how the story employs multiple narratives. How does this technique unveil the mystery of human relationships?

Ans: In the short story ‘The Gardener’ by P. Lankesh, there is a story within a story and there are two narrators. In the first story, the author in the persona of the first-person narrator introduces the protagonist Tammanna and the story of the owner of the coconut plantation. Then, the first narrator makes way for the second narrator to take over. Interestingly, in the story, the narrator is the protagonist and tells his own story to the second owner’s wife. However, the narrator employs the third-person narrative style and distances himself from the story. Thus ‘The Gardener’ is an example of the use of multiple narratives.

 

Numerous accounts depict a kind of story that follows a few heroes as opposed to zeroing in on one primary character. Now and again, essayists pick this construction to show the individual viewpoints of characters in a bigger 'full scale story' and how they identify with one another. 'The Gardener' is an illustration of the subsequent kind. Tammanna is the hero in the two stories.

 

In the primary story, we figure out how Tammanna utilizes his own history to in a roundabout way give a message to the proprietor's better half. He gives to the woman his own point of view of human existence and experience. The creator has utilized this procedure of different accounts to uncover the secret of human connections. In his own life, Tammanna has learnt exercises of being proactive in a contention with Basavaiah. He plays his game with Basavaiah, only until he passes on. Basavaiah's passing comes as a disclosure to him about human instinct. Really at that time does he saying. Up to that point, both Basavaiah and Tammanna showed a distinct fascination for battling and a get-up-and-go. Yet, when Basavaiah passes on, Tammanna loses all energy forever. He says he is a non-substance now.

 

Presently he has gotten philosophical. In this way, when he tracks down the proprietor of the coconut ranch developing a wide range of indecencies and the woman getting urgent about her significant other, the 'blame' about Basavaiah's demise that was pricking his heart gets changed into a goodness or a positive power and that propels him to recount his own story impartially to the proprietor's better half. Had not the creator utilized different account structures, Tammanna's story couldn't have come out as a story to teach the proprietor's better half. Consequently, numerous account structures can divulge the secret of human connections.