Unit-4
LOUIS PASTEUR, CONQUEROR OF DISEASE
E.H. Carter
IV. Vocabulary Exercises
A. Fill in the blanks with the opposites of
the words underlined.
1. The machines are busy
but they are idle now because there
is no electricity.
2. Some of the students
were interested in the lesson while the rest were uninterested in it.
3. We have appointed
a new manager because the previous one was dismissed.
4. To maintain one’s
health one should eat food that is fresh, not stale.
5. Someone dropped a
burning cigarette on the carpet and that was the cause of the fire. The result was that the whole building was burned
down.
6. The wounded tiger
attacked the hunter and he was unable to defend
himself.
7. Our army has checked
the enemy’s advance, and they have no other option but to retreat.
8. There is a
progressive improvement in the school’s results since 2006, thank God it is
not regressive.
B. Discuss in pairs the difference between
the words in each pair. Frame sentences to bring out the difference.
1) Bravery- When a boy
saved his friend from thieves, everyone appreciated his bravery.
Boldness-
He showed boldness at the time of interview.
2) Quite- It is quite
big room for all of us.
Quiet-
Students sat quietly during parents meeting.
3) Infectious- Corona
virus is an infectious disease which had scared everyone.
Contagious-
Many scientists had found medicine for contagious diseases.
4) Clever- The clever
fox ate all grapes form the farm.
Intelligent-
Tenali Rama was one of the most intelligent minsters in Vijayanagar Empire.
5) Further- She had not
had any further explanation on that topic.
Farther-
Papu and Sonu had run father than they thought.
6) Discovery- Jenner had
discovered vaccine for small fox.
Invention-
Bell had invented telephone.
7) Vaccination-
Vaccination is much needed in present for Corona Virus.
Inoculation-
Inoculation is the introduction of weak organisms into the body to produce
immunity.
8) Due to- She fell into
ditch due to slippery road.
Owing to-
Teacher has checked all over again owing to his mistake.
9) Little- There is
little juice in the bottle, take another one.
A little-
She knows a little about her past.
10) Between- Kumar and
Pradeep distributed apple pie between themselves.
Among- Those
children shared chocolates among people.
C. Here are some lines from the lesson
that tell us about Louis Pasteur. Identify quality. You can choose the right
word from the ones given in the box.
(modest,
risk-taker, altruistic, idealistic, trustworthy, pacifist, untiring,
persuasive.)
1. “……. nearly all the
time he was working to help people who were suffering in some special way from
disease” ALTRUISTIC
2. Pasteur proved that
he was right -about germs being carried in the air. PERSUASIVE
3. It would be
impossible to imagine Pasteur experimenting with explosives or poison gas. PACIFIST
4. For three years he
spent all his time and energy in tracking down the cause of a disease which had
ruined the silkworm industry. UNTIRING
5. One can imagine how
dangerous this idea of giving people the germs must have seemed in those days. RISK-TAKER
6. He looked around,
thinking that the cheers must be for some royal person. MODEST
7. The boy’s mother told Pasteur, ‘If you can
cure animals, you can cure my son. TRUSTWORTHY
8. “….. that science is obeying
the law of humanity will always labor to enlarge the frontiers of life.” IDEALISTIC
D. Choose the correct one-word medical
terms from the box to the following:
(euthanasia, rhinologist,
anatomy, autopsy, ophthalmology, physiognomy, asphyxia, antidote, pathologist,
epidemic, oculist, amnesia, congenital, anesthetic, urologist, gerontologist,
pediatrics, amputate, panacea, convalescence)
1. The science that
deals with the diseases of children-PEDIATRICS
2. One who treats eye
diseases –OCULIST
3. Science of the
diseases of the eye- OPHTHALMOLOGY
4. One who treats the
diseases of the nose-RHINOLOGIST
5. One who treats the
diseases of kidneys -UROLOGIST
6. A disease that attacks
many people at the same time- EPIDEMIC
7. To cut o a part of a
person’s infected body -AMPUTATE
8. One who studies the nature
and origin of diseases- PATHOLOGIST
9. The science of the
structure of the human body- ANATOMY
10. The study of the
human face / the art of judging character from the human face- PHYSIOGNOMY
11. The medicine that
produces insensibility- ANESTHETIC
12. Loss of
memory-AMNESIA
13. Fainting or death due
to being deprived of air- ASPHYXIA
14. The examination of a
dead body- AUTOPSY
15. A disease or
weakness belonging to one by birth- CONGENITAL
16. A remedy for all
diseases- PANACEA
17. Killing a person
(with an incurable disease) without pain- EUTHANASIA
18. Gradual recovery
from illness- CONVALESCENCE
19. One who studies the
diseases of old age- GERONTOLOGIST
V. Language Activities
Change the following into passive sentences.
1. One manufacturer consulted Pasteur about his beer which was
turning out badly.
Pasteur was consulted by one manufacturer about his beer
which was turning out badly.
2. Many believed that germs had spontaneous generation.
It was believed by many that germs had spontaneous
generation.
3. A simple and clever
experiment proved that Pasteur was right about germs. Pasteur was proved right about germs by a simple and clever
experiment.
4. A germ which had turned their wine sour troubled some French winemakers.
Some French winemakers were troubled by a germ which had
turned their wine sour.
5. Dr. Jenner in England had
already discovered vaccination for smallpox. Vaccination
for smallpox had already been discovered by Dr. Jenner in England.
6.
Pasteur found out first of all that a cow could not have Anthrax twice.
It was found out by Pasteur; first of all, that anthrax
could not be had by a cow twice.
7. When the news spread that Pasteur had discovered a cure for
anthrax, hundreds of people wrote to him for supplies of ‘vaccine’.
When the news was spread that a cure for anthrax had been
discovered by Pasteur, letters were written to him by hundreds of people for
supplies of ‘vaccine’.
8. Pasteur inoculated the young boy with some weak rabies germs.
The young boy was inoculated with some weak rabies germs by
Pasteur.
Parts of the body such as ‘head’, ‘eye’, ‘nose’ etc. can also be used as verbs.
Eg.: 1. Dr. Arvind heads the group of doctors at Manipal Hospital.
2. That man has been eyeing your suitcase. Be
careful.
3. She nosed the car into the traffic.
Now, use the following parts of the body as verbs in sentences. You
may look up a dictionary for help. Do it in pairs.
1. Elbow: She elbowed her way to have a better look at Prime
Minister.
2. Hand: The teacher handed her progress card.
3. Knee: Kneeing a vagabond is better than leaving him.
4. Toe: Many of them toed in yesterday function to a beggar.
5. Teeth: The child is teething after her milk teeth.
6. Knuckle: She knuckled for MBBS seat.
7. Shoulder: Rohan shouldered her Youngers responsibility.
8. Thumb: They thumbed at library in the evening.
9. Face: He faced lot of problems while clearing final exams.
10. Mouth: He mouthed after stealing his money.
The following sentences contain wrong collocations. The wrong
words have been underlined. Correct the sentences using the appropriate
collocations.
1. She had her ears pierced when
she was just one year old.
2. The victims were burnt to death in the re.
3. In summer, I need to have my hair cut short.
4. It is the bus driver who caused the accident.
5. Rice production needs to be increased.
6. Teacher: I shall not conduct my class tomorrow.
7. Fish are bred on a commercial scale.
8. He speaks fluent Kannada.
9. She is a distant relation of mine.
10. Parking facilities have been removed on Ashoka Pillar Road.
VI. Grammar Revisited
Rewrite the following as directed:
1. He was too old to learn new things. (use “so ……… that”)
He was so old that he could not learn new things.
2. He is not tall enough to touch the ceiling. (use “too… to”)
He is too short to touch the ceiling.
3. If they were not brave they would have lost the battle. (use “but
for”)
But for their bravery, they would have lost the battle.
4. Had she been wise I should not have opposed her. (use “if”)
If she had been wise, I would not have opposed her.
5. You are a great fool. (change into an exclamation)
What a fool you are!
6. Bring it here. (change into a polite request)
Please bring it here.
7. It is raining. (change into a probability)
It may rain today.
8. I want to be a millionaire. (express it as a wish beginning your
answer with, “I wish…..”)
I wish I were a millionaire.
9. As soon as we reached the station the train left. (use “No sooner”)
No sooner did we reach the station than the train left.
10. As soon as they reached the playground it began to rain. (use “Hardly”)
Hardly did they reach the playground when it began to rain.
11. She ran away so that she should not be married. (use “lest”)
She ran away lest she should be married.
12. If you don’t walk fast, you will miss the train. (use “otherwise”)
You should walk fast, otherwise, you will miss the train.
13. Besides being intelligent she is hardworking. (use “not only…but”)
She is not only intelligent but also hardworking.
14. In spite of his riches, he is unhappy. (use “nevertheless”)
He is rich. Nevertheless, he is unhappy.
15. To avoid punishment you must apologize. (use “or”)
You must apologize or you will be punished.
16. Did you see any other person at the party? (use “else”)
Did you see anyone else at the party?
17. He earned a lot but he became greedier. (use “the more”)
The more he earned, the greedier he became.
18. He told them to come early. (use “suggested”)
He suggested that they come early.
19. I forbid you the use of my laptop. (use “mustn’t”)
You mustn’t use my laptop.
20. Let’s try to do it the other way. (use “How about”)
How about trying to do it the other way?
21. It would be advisable to start early. (use “had better”)
We had better start early.
22. Shall I go home early this afternoon? (use “would you mind”)
Would you mind permitting me to go her early this afternoon?
23. I am sorry to inform you that your son has failed. (use “I’m
afraid”)
I’m afraid your son has failed.
24. I am sorry I don’t know how to do it. (begin with “I wish “)
I wish I knew how to
do it.
25. I prefer to stay at home, (use “would rather”)
I would rather stay at home.
26. We hid behind some bushes so that the enemy should not see us.
(use “for fear”)
We hid behind some bushes for fear of being seen by the
enemy.
27. The dog is the best friend of man. (change using “good”)
There is no other friend of man as good as a dog.
28. Darjeeling is more
beautiful than many other hill stations in India. (change using “as….as”)
Very few hill stations in India are as beautiful as
Darjeeling.
29. Some students don’t bring the text unless the teacher compels
them. (change using “if”)
If the teacher
doesn’t compel them, some students don’t bring the text.
30. The students were too tired to sit in the class. (change using “so…that”)
The students were so tired that they could not sit in the
class.
31. Life is so beautiful that I cannot think of ugly things. (change
using “too… to”)
Life is too beautiful to think of ugly things.
32. These mangoes are so cheap that they cannot be good. (change
using “too… to”)
These mangoes are too cheap to be good.
33. Bring the chair here, (change into a polite request)
Could you please bring the chair here?
34. I want to go out for a few minutes. (change it into a polite
request for permission)
May I go out for a few minutes?
35. As soon as he saw the warden, he ran away. (Change using “no sooner….”)
No sooner did he see the warden, than he ran away.
36. As soon as he stood up to speak the people started shouting.
(Change using “Hardly”)
Hardly did he stand up to speak when the people started
shouting.
37. Write it down so that you may not forget all about it. (Change
using “lest”)
Write it down lest you forget all about it.
38. It is possible that he will be troublesome. (Change using
“possibility”)
There is a possibility of his being troublesome.
39. She replied very courteously. (Change using “courteous”)
40. I know that I am indebted to him. (Change using “indebtedness”)
I am aware of my indebtedness to him.
